春秋末年，越国被吴国打得大败，越王勾践被迫到吴国给夫差做了三年奴仆，受尽屈辱。回国之后，勾践没有忘记这段耻辱，他不睡柔软的床铺，而是睡在铺着柴草的地方；还在房梁上挂了一颗苦胆，每天吃饭前都要尝一尝那股苦味，提醒自己不能忘记曾经的失败。

At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, the state of Yue suffered a crushing defeat by Wu, and King Goujian of Yue was forced to serve as a servant to King Fuchai of Wu for three years, enduring great humiliation. After returning home, Goujian never forgot this disgrace. He refused to sleep on a soft bed, choosing instead to sleep on a pile of brushwood, and he hung a bitter gall bladder above his seat, tasting its bitterness before every meal to remind himself never to forget his past defeat.

整整十年，勾践一边默默休养生息、发展国力，一边暗中训练军队、积蓄力量，从未松懈过。最终，越国重新强大起来，一举打败了吴国，报了当年的耻辱。"卧薪尝胆"这个成语从此流传下来，用来形容一个人为了达成目标，甘愿忍受艰苦、发奋图强。

For ten full years, Goujian quietly rebuilt his nation's strength while secretly training his army, never once relaxing his resolve. In the end, Yue grew powerful once more and decisively defeated Wu, avenging that old humiliation. The idiom "sleeping on brushwood, tasting gall" has been passed down ever since, used to describe someone who willingly endures hardship and works tirelessly to achieve a goal.

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