《西游记》一般认为是明代吴承恩所作，现存最早的完整刊本，是明代万历二十年（1592年）南京世德堂刻印的版本。孙悟空也不是凭空出现的：南宋的《大唐三藏取经诗话》里，已经有一位护送唐僧的「猴行者」。至于孙悟空的原型，胡适认为来自印度史诗《罗摩衍那》里的神猴哈奴曼，鲁迅则认为来自中国古代传说中被大禹镇压的水怪无支祁，这场争论一直延续到今天。

Journey to the West is generally attributed to Wu Chengen of the Ming dynasty. The oldest surviving complete edition was printed by the Shidetang publishing house in Nanjing in 1592. The Monkey King did not appear out of nowhere: in the Southern Song text Poems on Tripitaka of the Great Tang Fetching the Scriptures, a monkey pilgrim already escorts the monk. As for where the Monkey King came from, Hu Shi believed he was modelled on Hanuman, the monkey god of the Indian epic Ramayana, while Lu Xun argued he came from Wuzhiqi, an ancient Chinese water monster subdued by Yu the Great. Scholars still debate this today.

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