田螺姑娘的故事最早见于东晋时期题名陶潜（陶渊明）的志怪小说集《搜神后记》，篇名叫《白水素女》。故事里的谢端是侯官（今福建福州一带）人，从小失去父母，为人勤恳。书中说，是天帝可怜他孤苦，派天河里的白水素女化作田螺，暗中为他料理家务。

The earliest version of the Snail Girl appears in the Eastern Jin collection of strange tales Soushen Houji, traditionally attributed to Tao Yuanming, in a story called The White Water Maiden. The hero Xie Duan comes from Houguan, around present-day Fuzhou in Fujian. He lost his parents when he was young and was hard working and honest. The book says the Lord of Heaven took pity on him and sent the White Water Maiden from the River of Heaven, in the form of a snail, to secretly look after his home.

田螺姑娘的故事在中国南方流传尤其广泛，福建、浙江、广东等地都有不同版本，后来还被改编成戏曲、动画片和连环画。它和《天仙配》《牛郎织女》一样，属于民间文学里常见的「仙女下凡报恩」一类故事，寄托了老百姓对勤劳善良终有好报的朴素愿望。

The story of the Snail Girl is especially popular in southern China, with different versions in Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and elsewhere, and it has been adapted into opera, animated films and picture books. Like The Fairy Couple and The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, it belongs to a common type of folk tale in which a heavenly maiden comes down to earth to repay kindness, expressing the simple hope of ordinary people that hard work and kindness will be rewarded.

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