大禹治水在先秦典籍里就有大量记载：《尚书·禹贡》记录了大禹划定九州、疏通山川；《孟子》说他「八年于外，三过其门而不入」；司马迁在《史记·夏本纪》里写他治水时「左准绳，右规矩」，随身带着测量的工具，又说他父亲鲧筑堤堵水「九年而水不息」。

Yu taming the flood is recorded in many texts from before the Qin dynasty. The Tribute of Yu in the Book of Documents describes him dividing the land into nine provinces and clearing mountains and rivers. Mencius says he spent eight years away from home and passed his own door three times without going in. In the Records of the Grand Historian, Sima Qian writes that Yu carried measuring tools, a level and plumb line in one hand and a compass and square in the other, and that his father Gun, who tried to block the water with dams, laboured for nine years without stopping the flood.

2002年，北京保利艺术博物馆购回一件西周中期的青铜器「遂公盨」，它的内底铸有98字铭文，开头就是「天命禹敷土，随山浚川」，讲的正是大禹治水。这是目前发现的关于大禹最早的文物记载，比《尚书》《史记》的成书都早，说明大禹治水的传说在近三千年前就已经广为流传。

In 2002, the Poly Art Museum in Beijing acquired a bronze vessel from the middle Western Zhou period called the Sui Gong Xu. Inside it is an inscription of 98 characters that begins: Heaven ordered Yu to spread out the land, follow the mountains and dredge the rivers. It is the earliest known record of Yu on an ancient artefact, older than the Book of Documents or the Records of the Grand Historian, showing that the story of Yu taming the flood was already widely told nearly three thousand years ago.

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